41. Stuss DT. Tự nhận thức và thùy trán: một tương lai bệnh học thần kinh. : Goethals GR, Strauss J, eds. Tự: Một phương pháp tiếp cận liên ngành. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991. 42. Tiếng Wales MC, Pennington BF, Groisser DB. Một nghiên cứu bản quy phạm pháp luật phát triển của hoạt động điều hành: | 388 Christensen and Paidas 41. Stuss DT. Self-awareness and the frontal lobes a neuropsychological prospective. In Goethals GR Strauss J eds. The Self An Interdisciplinary Approach. New York Springer-Verlag 1991. 42. Welsh MC Pennington BF Groisser DB. A normative-developmental study of executive functioning a window on prefrontal functioning in children. Dev Neuropsychol 1991 7 131-149. 43. Butler C Okamoto G McKay T. Powered mobility for very young children. Dev Med Child Neurol 1983 25 472. 44. Lubicky JP Betz RR. Spinal deformity in children and adolescents after spinal cord injury. In Betz RR Mulcahey MJ eds. The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons 1996. 45. Miller F Betz RR. Hip joint instability. In Betz RR Mulcahey MJ eds. The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons 1996. 46. Michael DB Guyot DR Darmody WR. Coincidence of head and cervical spine injury. J Neurotrauma 1989 6 177-89. 23 Long-Term Outcomes in Injured Children Michael Vitale Children s Hospital Presbyterian Hospital New York New York . David P. Mooney Children s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts . PEDIATRIC TRAUMA SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM As the leading cause of death and disability in children pediatric trauma accounts for some 11 million hospitalizations 100 000 permanent disabilities and 15 000 childhood deaths every year in the United States. Regrettably the incidence of pediatric trauma in the United States is among the highest in the world reflecting both the dangers of our highly mechanized society as well as the reality of urban violence including that related to firearms 1 . Furthermore despite an overall decrease in rates of violent crime rates of significant pediatric trauma have not experienced the same decline and fatal injury resulting from violence may actually be increasing 2 3 . While children more often survive significant polytrauma than adults long-term morbidity
