Otolaryngolog Head and Neck Surgery - part 2

lựa chọn thay thế độc thận để các aminoglycosides để điều trị của sinh vật đó, hoặc họ có thể được kết hợp với các đại lý antipseudomonas khác (gentamicin, et al.) trước empt kháng. Xem Phần , trang 50. Cefepime cũng có hoạt động so với tụ cầu khuẩn. và khuẩn cầu phổi. So sánh cephalosporin | nephrotoxic alternatives to the aminoglycosides for treatment of that organism or they may be combined with other antipseudomonas agents gentamicin et al. to pre-empt resistance. See Section page 50. Cefepime also has activity vs. staph. and pneumococci. COMPARISON OF CEPHALOSPORINS AGENT ROUTE ADMINISTRATION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES FIRST-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS Cefazolin Ancef Kefzol et al. IV IM Prolonged serum levels Active vs. staph. strep pneumo. E. coli proteus Less active vs. klebsiella H. influenzae and and pseudomonas resistance Cepludexin Keflex Oral Active vs. staph. strep. and pneumo. E. coli proteus klebsiella H. influenzae and B. fragilis and pseudomonas resistance also Cefadroxil Duricef Oral Not active vs. penicillin-resistant pneumococci or MRSA CEPHAMYCINS Cefoxitin Mefoxin Cefotetan Cefotan IV IM Very active vs. anaerobes and N. gonorrhoeal includes penicillin-resistant strains Not active vs. enterococci and pseudomonas Limited vs. gram positive and hemophilus Some bleeding. SECOND-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS Cefaclor Ceclor Loracarbef Lorabid Oral Oral Somewhat active vs. Hemophilus influenzae staph. strep. pneumo. E. coli klebsiella proteus Much M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae resistance Inactive vs. Serum-sickness like reactions cefaclor Cefprozil Cefzil Oral bid Active vs. Staph. aureus S. pyogenes. Somewhat active vs. H. influenzae M. catarrhalis and S. pneumoniae Not active vs. B. fragilis or pseudomonas or penicillin-resistant pneu mococci Cefuroxime Zinacef Kefurox Ceftin IV IM IV IM Oral bid with meals Active vs. H. influenzae N. gonorrhoeae Staph. aureus S. pneumoniae S. pyogenes and most M. catarrhalis Good CSF penetration Not active vs. B. fragilis or pseudomonas or penicillin-resistant pneumococci 6 SECOND-GENERATION EQUIVALENT THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS Cefpodoxime Vantin Cefdinir Omnicef Cefditoren Spectracef Oral bid with meals Oral once daily with meals Oral bid with meals Active vs.