Tiêu chuẩn và hiệu chuẩn Chương này sẽ thảo luận về các phương pháp tham chiếu, thủ tục, và tiêu chuẩn đối với tất cả các đo đạc thực địa phải được so sánh. Các giá trị đo lường nào sẽ phụ thuộc, rõ ràng, tính chính xác của phương pháp, thủ tục, kỹ thuật, và thiết bị được sử dụng để làm cho nó. Các yếu tố như tính chính xác, độ chính xác, và / hoặc lặp lại của bất kỳ nỗ lực phân tích hoàn thành bên ngoài phòng thí nghiệm có thể được và thường xuyên được. | Chapter 2 Standards and Calibrations This chapter will discuss the reference methods procedures and standards against which all field measurements must be compared. The validity of any measurement will depend obviously on the accuracy of the method procedure technique and instrumentation that is used to make it. Factors such as the precision accuracy and or repeatability of any analytical effort completed outside of the laboratory can be and frequently are called into question. The individual who has made a challenged measurement in the field or in the lab must be able to document the relationship between the result he or she has reported and an appropriate accepted and well-established standard. RELEVANT DEFINITIONS Primary Standard A standard for any measurable parameter . time length mass etc. that is maintained by any of the international or national standards agencies most commonly by either the United States National Institute of Standards Technology NIST in Washington DC formerly known as the United States National Bureau of Standards NBS or the International Organization for Standardization ISO in Geneva Switzerland. Secondary Standard A standard for any measurable parameter . temperature volume etc. that is maintained by any commercial military or other organization excluding any of those groups referenced above . groups that maintain Primary Standards. A Secondary Standard will have been thoroughly documented as to the fact of its having been directly referenced against an appropriate and applicable Primary Standard. Common Secondary Standards include such things as balance weights atomic clocks etc. Standard Reference Material A Standard Reference Material often abbreviated as SRM is any material item etc. for which one or more important characteristics . the specific make-up of a mixture such as Arizona Road Dust the leak rate of a gas permeation device the purity of a radioactive chemical the precision and accuracy of a liquid-in-glass .
