Các thành phần của khí quyển Bởi vì hầu như tất cả các phép đo đó được thực hiện bởi các chuyên gia làm việc trong lĩnh vực an toàn lao động, vệ sinh lao động, vệ sinh công nghiệp, và / hoặc môi trường được hoàn thành trong bầu khí quyển của trái đất, nó là quan trọng để hiểu bản chất của các tác động tiêu cực mà này trong khí quyển ma trận có thể có trên một số các phép đo [nghĩa là, tác động tiêu cực = yếu tố, hoàn cảnh, các thành phần khí quyển,. | AppendixA The Atmosphere Components of the Atmosphere Because virtually all of the measurements that are made by professionals working in the fields of occupational safety and health industrial hygiene and or the environment are completed in the earth s atmosphere it is important to understand the nature of the negative impacts that this atmospheric matrix might have on some of these measurements . negative impacts factors circumstances atmospheric components etc. that will tend to cause a particular measurement to be incorrect . Certainly many of the measurements that are made in the atmosphere are totally unaffected by any of the elements or compounds that make it up however there are quite a few for which this is not true. To understand the relationships between the atmospheric matrix and the measurements that are made in it we must know its major components as well as the concentration range of each. The most common way to tabulate these components is to consider DRY AIR . air in which there is absolutely no water vapor. Clearly nowhere on earth is there ever any air mass that is completely free of water vapor. In fact for most situations water vapor will exist at a concentration that would place it in the third highest position trailing only nitrogen and oxygen. The range of the ambient concentrations of water vapor varies over more than orders of magnitude . 100 ppm vol at points in the Antarctic in winter to 35 000 in an equatorial rain forest. Because water vapor can have such a wide concentration range as stated above the most common way to list the components that make up the air is to consider them on a DRY or water vapor free basis. The following tabulation Table 1A lists the seventeen most common atmospheric components in the order of decreasing concentrations again on a water vapor free or DRY basis Table 1A No. _ Component Concentration - in ppm vol 1. Nitrogen 780 840 2. Oxygen 209 459 3. Argon 9 303 4. Carbon Dioxide average 370 .
