Laser, lò vi sóng, radar cho du thuyền, thiết bị kiểm tra hồng ngoại và các nguồn ánh sáng cường độ cao tạo ra cái gọi là "không bức xạ ion hóa". Bức xạ điện từ mà không gây ra sự ion hóa trong hệ thống sinh học có thể được coi là có năng lượng photon ít hơn 10-12 eV và có thể được gọi là "không ion hóa." Bởi vì sự gia tăng của các sản phẩm điện tử cũng như quan tâm một đổi mới trong bức xạ điện từ mối nguy hiểm, quốc hội đã ban. | NON-IONIZING RADIATIONS Lasers microwave ovens radar for pleasure boats infrared inspection equipment and high intensity light sources generate so-called non-ionizing radiation. Electromagnetic radiations which do not cause ionization in biological systems may be presumed to have photon energies less than 10-12 eV and may be termed non-ionizing. Because of the proliferation of such electronic products as well as a renewed interest in electromagnetic radiation hazards the Congress enacted Public Law 90-602 the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act. This Act has as its declared purpose the establishment of a national electronic product radiation control program which includes the development and administration of performance standards to control the emission of electronic product radiation. The most outstanding feature of the Act is its omnibus coverage of all types of electromagnetic radiation emanating from electronic products that is gamma X-rays ultraviolet visible infrared radio frequencies RF and microwaves. Performance standards have already been issued under the Act for TV sets microwave ovens and lasers. In similar fashion the recent enactment of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act gives attention to the potential hazards of non-ionizing radiations in industrial establishments. For the purposes of this chapter more formal treatment is given to ultraviolet UV radiation lasers and microwave radiation than the visible and infrared IR radiations. However the information on visible and IR radiation presented in the section on Laser Radiation is generally applicable to non-coherent sources. It should become obvious in reading the material which follows that the eye is the primary organ at risk to all of the non-ionizing radiations. NATURE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY The electromagnetic spectrum extends over a broad range of wavelengths . from 10 12 to 1010 cm. The shortest wavelengths are generated by cosmic and X-rays the longer wavelengths are
