Tiêu chuẩn khí thải cho phép mức độ phát thải dạng hạt được quy định theo nhiều cách khác nhau, có phương pháp khá khác nhau về đo lường và các triết lý khác nhau của tiêu chí quan trọng để kiểm soát. Tỷ lệ phát thải cho phép trong một nhà nước tuyệt vời của dòng xây dựng luật, pháp lệnh cả hai như là định nghĩa của phép đo phù hợp và số tiền thực tế được phép. Phần này tóm tắt các loại khác nhau của tiêu chuẩn định lượng được sử dụng trong việc điều chỉnh. | P PARTICULATE EMISSIONS EMISSION STANDARDS Allowable levels of particulate emissions are specified in several different ways having somewhat different methodologies of measurement and different philosophies of important criteria for control. Permissible emission rates are in a state of great legislative flux both as to the definition of the suitable measurement and to the actual amount to be allowed. This section summarizes the various types of quantitative standards that are used in regulating particulate emissions. For a detailed survey of standards the reader should consult works by Stern 1 Greenwood et al. 2 and the Public Health A recent National Research Council report proposes future studies on the nature of particulate emissions their effect on exposed populations and their control4. Friedrich and Reis5 have reported the results of a 10-year multinational European study on characteristics ambient concentrations and sources of air pollutants. The following paragraphs give an overview of standards for ambient particulate pollution and source emission. The precise and practical methodology of making accurate and or legally satisfactory measurements is beyond the scope of this article. Books such as those by Katz 6 Powals et al. 7 Brenchly et al. 8 and Hawksley et al. 9 should be consulted for detailed sampling procedures. In the Federal Register USEPA announced the implementation of the PM-10 regulations . portion of total suspended particulate matter of 10 tm or less particle diameter .40 41 Ringlemann Number Perhaps the first attempt at quantifying particulate emissions was developed late in the 19th century by Maximilian Ringlemann. He developed the concept of characterizing a visible smoke plume according to its opacity or optical density and originated the chart shown in Figure 1 as a convenient scale for estimation of opacity. The chart consists of four grids of black lines on a white background having fractional black areas of 20 40 60 and
