Tình trạng này còn được gọi là tiểu máu mãn tính đơn phương, tiểu máu cần thiết đơn phương, hoặc tiểu máu lateralizing lành tính. Khu phức hợp được định nghĩa là tổng hematuria bản địa hoá một bên của đường tiết niệu bằng soi bàng quang. | 62 Ankem and Nakada stressful to the patient. This condition is also known as chronic unilateral hematuria unilateral essential hematuria or benign lateralizing hematuria. The complex is defined as gross hematuria localized to one side of urinary tract by cystoscopy. The diagnosis is made by excluding all common causes of hematuria in the face of normal radiological computed tomography CT ultrasound intravenous urogram IVU and hematological studies. Historically these patients were managed by irrigating the renal collecting system with various cauterizing solutions 3 4 surgical evaluation of exposed collecting system partial nephrectomy or even nephrectomy in some patients 5 . Recent advances in endourological techniques and the development of more sophisticated instruments have enhanced our abilities to diagnose and treat many upper urinary tract lesions 6 7 . This chapter describes the preoperative evaluation indications technique and results of fiberoptic ureteropyeloscopy in the management of lateralizing essential hematuria. DIAGNOSIS Lateralizing essential hematuria often presents as asymptomatic chronic recurrent gross hematuria. Some patients may present with clot colic clot retention and even significant anemia 1 7 8 . Lateralizing essential hematuria is common in younger patients and has no predilection for either sex or side. The work-up should include a thorough history physical examination and a cystoscopy at the time of bleeding to lateralize the hematuria to one side of the urinary system and to exclude other common sources of urinary bleeding. Next serum studies including complete hemogram basic renal function studies coagulation studies and sickle cell preparation should be performed. Urine for microscopy routine culture and voided cytology to rule out inflammatory malignant and nephrological sources of bleeding should be part of the initial evaluation. Consideration for special urine cultures to rule out atypical fungal and tuberculosis 9 .
