Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Always one step ahead: How pathogenic bacteria use the type III secretion system to manipulate the intestinal mucosal immune system. | Vossenkămper et al. Journal of Inflammation 2011 8 11 http content 8 1 11 JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION REVIEW Open Access Always one step ahead How pathogenic bacteria use the type III secretion system to manipulate the intestinal mucosal immune system Anna Vossenkamper Thomas T MacDonald and Olivier Marches Abstract The intestinal immune system and the epithelium are the first line of defense in the gut. Constantly exposed to microorganisms from the environment the gut has complex defense mechanisms to prevent infections as well as regulatory pathways to tolerate commensal bacteria and food antigens. Intestinal pathogens have developed strategies to regulate intestinal immunity and inflammation in order to establish or prolong infection. The organisms that employ a type III secretion system use a molecular syringe to deliver effector proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells. These effectors target the host cell cytoskeleton cell organelles and signaling pathways. This review addresses the multiple mechanisms by which the type III secretion system targets the intestinal immune response with a special focus on pathogenic E. coli. Keywords gut-associated lymphoid tissue type 3 secretion system EPEC Shigella Review The gut-associated lymphoid tissue The intestinal lumen is exposed to the environment and therefore in continuous contact with harmless as well as pathogenic microorganisms. Thus it is not surprising that the gut is the biggest lymphoid organ in the body and contains about 70 of the body s immune cells 1-3 . The gut-associated lymphoid tissue GALT uses a range of mechanisms to protect the host from pathogens while it at the same time tolerates commensal microorganisms. Furthermore the GALT needs to prevent the invasion of harmful agents without affecting the absorption of nutrients from the lumen. GALT is comprised of the appendix single lymphoid follicles Figure 1 in the small and large intestine and the Peyer s patches PP . The .
