Xử lý ô nhiễm và giảm thiểu ô nhiễm GIỚI THIỆU thực hiện các kỹ thuật hiệu quả và thủ tục để điều trị các trang web bị ô nhiễm để loại bỏ hoặc giảm thiểu nồng độ các chất ô nhiễm tạo thành các mục tiêu cơ bản của chương trình khắc phục và giảm thiểu ô nhiễm. Các chương trước đã đề cập đến sự cần thiết cho sự phát triển của kỹ thuật hiệu quả và tương thích cho khử trùng trang web (loại bỏ chất gây ô nhiễm) dựa trên một sự hiểu biết đúng đắn. | CHAPTER 8 Remediation and Pollution Mitigation INTRODUCTION Implementation of effective techniques and procedures for treatment of contaminated sites to remove or minimize the concentration of pollutants constitutes the fundamental aim of remediation and pollution mitigation programs. The previous chapter has addressed the need for development of effective and compatible techniques for site decontamination pollutant removal based upon a proper understanding of the nature of the problem and the processes involved in pollutant fate determination. In this chapter some of the generic procedures for pollutant removal will be examined insofar as they relate to the pollutant-removal and pollution-mitigation issues. In addition to the present standard procedures available for treatment of contaminated sites innovative procedures and technologies are continuously being developed. It is recognized that it is not always necessary to completely remove all pollutants from a contaminated site. It is not unusual to find that complete pollutant removal could be prohibitively expensive and may not be necessary since residual pollutant concentrations . pollutants remaining after clean-up would be considerably below regulatory limits and limits defined by health-protection standards. Reduction of pollutant concentration below critical limits . pollution mitigation is therefore a serious alternative. There are many ways of approaching site remediation implementation. It is useful to follow a protocol of procedures that would eliminate inefficient procedures as shown for example by the requirements and procedures developed in Figures and . These are captured in Figure . The sets of general information and protocols needed for assessment of site contamination and treatment required to provide for effective clean-up are shown in the diagram. POLLUTANTS AND SITE CONTAMINATION Experience shows that very few contaminated sites are contaminated by one species type of
