Phân vùng: phân phối, vận tải, và di động Tóm tắt phổ biến của một xenobiotic sau khi xả vào môi trường được xác định bằng cách phân vùng của nó giữa các nước, đất và trầm tích, và các giai đoạn khí quyển, và tiềm năng của nó cho nồng độ trong sinh vật. Các quá trình này xác định cả hai tác động sinh học của các xenobiotic và mức độ phổ biến của nó. Thủ tục để xác định các phân vùng của xenobiotics vào sinh vật được thảo luận, và sự chú ý được rút ra để. | Neilson Alasdair H. Partition Distribution Transport and Mobility Organic Chemicals An Environmental Perspective Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 2000 3 Partition Distribution Transport and Mobility SYNOPSIS The dissemination of a xenobiotic after discharge into the environment is determined by its partition between the water the soil and sediment and the atmospheric phases and its potential for concentration in biota. These processes determine both the biological impact of the xenobiotic and the extent of its dissemination. Procedures for determining the partition of xenobiotics into biota are discussed and attention is drawn to complicating factors including the association of xenobiotics with macromolecules and to the important interdependence of metabolism and bioconcentration. Surrogate procedures for evaluating bioconcentration potential that use physicochemical partition coefficients are outlined and their intrinsic limitations are pointed out. Such systems are unable to take into account the important issues of metabolism in biota and the structure of biological lipid membranes. Procedures for determining the distribution of xenobiotics between aqueous and solid phases are presented. The desorption of xenobi-otics from the soil and sediment phases is discussed and a brief account is given of interaction mechanisms between xenobiotics and components of solid matrices. Attention is drawn to the phase heterogeneity of the water mass in many natural systems and to the role of both particulate and dissolved matter in the distribution and dissemination of xenobiotics in lakes and rivers. Brief comments are devoted to the partitioning of xenobiotics between the aquatic phase and the atmosphere and to the significance of atmospheric transport on a global scale. A discussion of monitoring strategies is presented together with brief comments on the complexities in evaluating biomagnification. It is emphasized throughout that .
