Hiệu ứng sinh thái và môi trường Sự di chuyển của thuốc trừ sâu trong phần giới thiệu môi trường Việc sử dụng rộng rãi và xử lý thuốc trừ sâu của nông dân, các tổ chức, và công chúng nói chung cung cấp nhiều nguồn có thể có của thuốc trừ sâu trong môi trường. Sau khi được thả vào môi trường, thuốc trừ sâu có thể có số phận khác nhau. Thuốc trừ sâu được phun có thể di chuyển qua không khí và cuối cùng có thể kết thúc trong các phần khác của môi trường, chẳng hạn. | chapter thirteen Ecological and environmental effects Movement of pesticides in the environment Introduction The widespread use and disposal of pesticides by farmers institutions and the general public provide many possible sources of pesticides in the environment. After release into the environment pesticides may have many different fates. Pesticides that are sprayed can move through the air and may eventually end up in other parts of the environment such as in soil or water. Pesticides applied directly to the soil may be washed off the soil into nearby bodies of surface water or may percolate through the soil to lower soil layers and groundwater. Pesticides injected into the soil may also be subject to the latter two fates. The application of pesticides directly to bodies of water for weed control or indirectly as a result of leaching from boat paint runoff from soil or other routes may lead not only to the build-up of pesticides in water but may also contribute to air levels through evaporation. This incomplete list of possibilities suggests that the movement of pesticides in the environment is very complex with transfers occurring continually among different environmental compartments. In some cases these exchanges occur not only between areas that are close together such as a local pond receiving some of the herbicide application on adjacent land but may also involve transportation of pesticides over long distances. The worldwide distribution of DDT and the presence of pesticides in bodies of water far from their primary use areas are good examples of the vast potential for such movement. While all of the above possibilities exist this does not mean that all pesticides travel long distances or that all compounds are threats to groundwater. To understand which ones are of most concern it is necessary to understand how pesticides move in the environment and what characteristics must be considered in evaluating contamination potential. Two things may happen
