Chi phí là yếu tố quyết định cơ bản và quan trọng trong việc lựa chọn các thiết bị kiểm soát ô nhiễm không khí. Chi phí đánh giá có thể được đơn giản, miễn là có một sự hiểu biết mục tiêu của phân tích và đánh giá cao giá trị thời gian của tiền. Chi phí cổ điển thương mại-off giữa vốn và chi phí điều hành. Chương này được thiết kế để giúp các kỹ sư thực hành với các kỹ thuật kỹ thuật chi phí ước tính chi phí vốn của các thiết bị và xác. | 7 Cost Estimating Cost is a basic and crucial decision-making factor in the selection of air-pollution control equipment. Evaluating costs can be straightforward as long as there is an understanding as to the objective of the analysis and an appreciation of the time value of money. The classic cost trade-off is between capital and operating costs. This chapter is designed to assist the practicing engineer with cost engineering techniques for estimating capital cost of equipment and for determining the annualized cost of operating air-pollution control systems such as required for the cost analysis portion of a BACT analysis. It is not intended to cover detailed cost accounting methods that include different types of depreciation and taxes. TIME VALUE OF MONEY Because of interest and inflation a dollar in . currency today will be worth more than a dollar in the future. Right off the bat we must distinguish between the real interest rate which does not include inflation and the nominal interest rate which includes inflation. The real or constant dollar cost analysis considers the return on investment as profit. This type of analysis frequently is used by engineers because it is straightforward easy to use and easy to understand. Annual operating and labor costs of 100 000 this year will remain at 100 000 per year in 10 years. To be clear the analysis is stated to be in year 2000 dollars. Conversely inflation reduces the value or buying power of the currency with time. 100 000 worth of materials and labor this year will require more money in 10 years. The real and nominal interest rates are related by 1 in 1 i 1 r where in nominal interest rate i real interest rate r annual inflation rate Financial decisions that include the effect of income taxes use the nominal interest rate because both depreciation deductions and taxes are figured on the basis of nominal dollars. Annualized Capital Cost The key to annualizing capital cost in real pre-tax dollars .
