Một điểm quyết định quan trọng trong quá trình thiết kế là lựa chọn thay thế giải pháp khả thi về mặt kỹ thuật và kinh tế. Tất cả các công ty đặt mục tiêu lợi nhuận. Chung nhất là để tối đa hóa lợi nhuận, tức là tối đa hóa thu nhập trên chi phí vốn phải được đầu tư để tạo ra thu nhập. Ngoài ra, các quy định hiện hành của Chính phủ yêu cầu quy trình phải được an toàn và sinh thái / môi trường âm thanh. Những người khác mục tiêu đôi khi được. | Q Profitability and Engineering Economics INTRODUCTION PROFIT GOAL A major decision point in process design is the selection of the most technically and economically feasible solution alternative. All companies set a profit goal. Most generally it is to maximize profit . maximize income above the cost of the capital which must be invested to generate the income. In addition current governmental regulations require that processes must be safe and ecologically environmentally sound. Others goals sometimes are used. For example Minimize loss Minimize operating cost Minimize environmental damage Zero emissions Produce a product that does not cost the company money Furthermore companies usually have set a required rate of return on the investment. In some cases such as with required environmental control equipment the process must be built and operated even if it does not meet the rate of return that has been set. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS An analysis must be made to provide a measure of the attractiveness of a project for comparison to other possible courses of action. In some cases the capital that would be invested in a process could earn more in some other investment or even in a savings account. For required environmental control processes there would be no other alternative investment allowed. It should be remembered a profitability standard can only serve as a guide and the profitability standard must be weighed against overall judgment and evaluation. Mathematical Methods for Profitability Evaluation There are at least five reasonable methods to carry out a profitability evaluation. These methods are 1. Rate or incremental rate of return on investment 2. Discounted cash flow on full-life performance 2002 by CRC Press LLC ANNUALIZED COSTS FIGURE Optimization of cost for a typical fabric filter or baghouse. 3. Net present worth 4. Capitalized costs 5. Payout period Peters and Timmerhaus1 present an excellent discussion of all these methods. .
