Các hiện tượng thu hút tĩnh điện amuses trẻ em muốn gắn bó bóng bay đầu. Đó phí ngược lại thu hút và như chi phí đẩy là một quy luật cơ bản của vật lý. Nó đã được ghi nhận sớm nhất là 600 trước Công Nguyên sợi nhỏ sẽ được thu hút bởi một mảnh hổ phách sau khi nó đã được cọ xát. Kiến thức hiện đại của tĩnh điện được phát triển suốt 400 năm qua, bao gồm cả công việc của Benjamin Franklin trên tác dụng của dây dẫn điểm trong bản vẽ dòng điện | 24 Electrostatic Precipitators EARLY DEVELOPMENT The phenomena of electrostatic attraction amuses children who like to stick balloons to their heads. That opposite charges attract and like charges repel is a basic law of physics. It was noted as early as 600 . that small fibers would be attracted by a piece of amber after it had been rubbed. Modern knowledge of electrostatics was developed throughout the last four hundred years including the work of Benjamin Franklin on the effect of point conductors in drawing electric currents. The first demonstrations of electrostatic precipitation to remove aerosols from a gas were conducted in the early 1800s with fog and tobacco smoke. The first commercial electrostatic precipitator ESP was developed by Sir Oliver Lodge and his colleagues Walker and Hutchings for a lead smelter in North Wales in 1885. Unfortunately this application was unsuccessful because of problems with the high-voltage power supply and the high resistivity of the lead oxide fume. As will be discussed in this chapter resistivity is an extremely important factor affecting ESP performance. In the . Dr. Frederick Cottrell professor of chemistry at the University of California at Berkeley and his colleagues developed and improved the technology for industrial application. Cottrell established the nonprofit Cottrell Research Corporation which supported the experimental studies that formed the fundamental basis of precipitator technology. The technology was applied successfully to control sulfuric acid mist in precious metal recovery kettles. Cottrell installed the next commercial system at a lead smelter. Although the high resistivity of the dust again made it a difficult application the high-voltage power supply issues were resolved sufficiently well so that the ESPs could operate at about 80 to 90 removal efficiency. Within a few years ESPs were being installed in Portland cement plants pulp and paper mills and blast furnaces. The first .
