Mô hình hóa và GIS rừng . Của sự phát triển trong tương lai trong việc xử lý dữ liệu viễn thám, không ai có thể quan trọng hơn hơn so với hội nhập của họ với các nguồn dữ liệu khác, để tạo ra một hệ thống thông tin địa lý toàn diện. - J. R. G. Townshend, 1981 Thông Tin Địa Lý Khoa học Hệ thống thông tin địa lý (GIS) dựa trên hệ thống máy tính được sử dụng để lưu trữ và thao tác thông tin địa lý (Aronoff, 1989). Cũng giống như viễn thám, GIS đã nổi lên. | r Forest Modeling and GIS . of the future developments in the handling of remote sensing data none is likely to be more important than their integration with other data sources to produce a comprehensive geographic information system. J. R. G. Townshend 1981 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE Geographical information systems GIS are computer-based systems that are used to store and manipulate geographic information Aronoff 1989 . Like remote sensing GIS have emerged as a fully functional support for resource management following a series of intensive synergistic technologically driven activities over the last four decades. Developments have been built on the strengths of successive revolutions in computer technology and geography. GIS have their modern origins in the 1960s and 1970s but conceptually can be traced much farther back to the earliest requirements to assess land capability using multiple criteria and the need to perform map overlays. The potential contribution of GIS to sustainable forest management appears enormous here is the ideal tool with which forest management issues can be addressed simply the relevant tasks are 1. To assemble a spatially referenced database across all relevant scales and then 2. Put multiple analytical tools in the hands of the users so that the accumulated information can be made to provide answers that are needed. The simplicity of these statements and the general casual attitude toward geographical information and mapping sometimes found in forestry are deceptive GIS is no simple process A great deal of complexity has become subsumed under the GIS label Longley et al. 1999 . GIS like remote sensing appears ill-defined and very broadly based. It is comprised of geographic objects polygons lines points and their attributes with or even without reference to spatial components and complicated topology. Currently it is defined more by what is done under the 2001 CRC Press LLC banner of GIS than by any coherent definition of the .
