Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Preprandial ghrelin is not affected by macronutrient intake, energy intake or energy expenditure | Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine BioMed Central Research Open Access Preprandial ghrelin is not affected by macronutrient intake energy intake or energy expenditure David R Paul Matthew Kramer Donna G Rhodes and William V Rumpler Address . Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Diet and Human Performance Laboratory Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville MD 20705 USA Email David R Paul - pauld@ Matthew Kramer - kramerm@ Donna G Rhodes - drhodes@ William V Rumpler - rumpler@ Corresponding author Published 03 March 2005 Received 20 October 2004 Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine 2005 4 2 doi 1477-5751-4-2 Accepted 03March 2005 This article is available from http content 4 1 2 2005 Paul et al licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background Ghrelin a peptide secreted by endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract is a hormone purported to have a significant effect on food intake and energy balance in humans. The influence of factors related to energy balance on ghrelin such as daily energy expenditure energy intake and macronutrient intake have not been reported. Secondly the effect of ghrelin on food intake has not been quantified under free-living conditions over a prolonged period of time. To investigate these effects 12 men were provided with an ad libitum cafeteria-style diet for 16 weeks. The macronutrient composition of the diets were covertly modified with drinks containing MJ of predominantly carbohydrate Hi-CHO protein Hi-PRO or fat Hi-FAT . Total energy expenditure was measured for seven days on two separate occasions doubly labeled water and physical .
