Một mạng lưới thức ăn là một mô tả các mối quan hệ nuôi dưỡng hoặc các mối quan hệ giữa con mồi loài săn mồi tất cả hoặc một số loài trong một cộng đồng sinh thái. Thực phẩm web đơn giản có thể mô hình là một mô hình hai loài động vật ăn thịt-con mồi. Một mô hình web thực phẩm có thể được phức tạp như các lựa chọn xây dựng mô hình, với nhiều loài sinh vật và các mối quan hệ ăn được coi là quan trọng. Tuy nhiên, như mô hình nhận được. | CHAPTER 8 Ecosystem Models Food Webs Steve Carroll A food web is a description of feeding relationships or predator-prey relationships among all or some species in an ecological community. The simplest possible food-web model is a two-species predator-prey model. A food-web model can be as complicated as the modeler chooses with as many species and feeding relationships as are deemed important. However as food-web models get more complicated model uncertainty increases. Food-web models are important for at least two reasons. First any given species generally interacts with other species in feeding relationships either feeding on other species being fed upon by other species or both. Second a receptor of concern in an ecological risk assessment may be exposed to toxic chemicals by ingesting a lower trophic-level species. Therefore an evaluation of food-web linkages forms the basis for identifying key exposure pathways for bioaccumulative chemicals. Endpoints for food-web models include Abundances of component species in the food web Biomass of component species Species richness . number of species Trophic structure . food-chain length dominance We review food-web models and computer programs that implement them. For the purposes of this review predator-prey models were collapsed into one category because considerable argument still exists about how a predator-prey system should be modeled and because the ratings were the same across predator-prey models. We review the following food-web models Table Predator-prey models Lotka 1924 Volterra 1926 Watt 1959 Holling 1959 1966 Ivlev 1961 Hassell and Varley 1969 Gallopin 1971 DeAngelis et al. 1975 Arditi and Ginzburg 1989 Population-dynamic food-chain models Spencer et al. 1999 RAMAS ecosystem Spencer and Ferson 1997a c Spencer et al. 1999 Populus Alstad et al. 1994a b Alstad 2001 Ecotox Bledsoe and Megrey 1989 . 2002 by CRC Press LLC 2002 by CRC Press LLC Table Internet Web Site Resources for Food-Web .
