Mặc dù mô hình sinh thái đã được sử dụng để hiểu rõ hơn về hệ thống tự nhiên để hỗ trợ quản lý môi trường (ví dụ, Holling 1978; Hilborne và Mangel năm 1997; Walters 1986. Breininger et al trên báo chí), các ứng dụng tương đối ít các vấn đề hóa chất độc hại tồn tại. Một trong những yếu tố quan trọng nhất ngăn chặn sử dụng rộng rãi các mô hình trong việc đưa ra quyết định là một thiếu đào tạo mô hình, nhiều nhà quản lý từ xác định loại tốt nhất của mô. | CHAPTER 14 Enhancing the Use of Ecological Models in Environmental Decision-Making Lev R. Ginzburg and H. Resit Akẹakaya Although ecological models have been used to better understand natural systems to support environmental management . Holling 1978 Hilborne and Mangel 1997 Walters 1986 Breininger et al. in press relatively few applications to toxic chemical issues exist. One of the most important factors preventing widespread use of models in decision-making is a lack of modeling training which prevents many managers from determining the best kind of model and scale of resolution for solving a given problem Ginzburg and Akqakaya in press Breininger et al. in press . Another important factor is the lack of appropriate and relevant data Ginzburg and Akqakaya in press . Moreover untrained managers often do not know what types of data to collect to optimize model use. As shown in our review of models above many ecological models already exist that can be applied to practical problems in environmental management of toxic chemicals. Ginzburg and Akqakaya in press identified four different areas that require additional investment to enhance the use of ecological modeling in decision-making training applying existing models integrating existing models and developing new case-specific models. TRAINING AND EDUCATION Teaching environmental managers how to use existing models is the most efficient way to enhance model use in the short term. Jackson et al. 2000 provide an excellent introduction to the practice of ecological modeling that is suitable for any audience. However the specific content and format of training courses should be based on the audience. Audiences for such training courses may be divided into two general categories environmental managers and technical support personnel. The first potential audience for training courses includes environmental managers management and research decision-makers in government agencies and industry. Managers often are .
