Phương pháp tiếp cận để xác định nguy cơ của các chất ô nhiễm không khí trong nhà A. độc thần kinh B. hô hấp gây ung thư C. và hiệu ứng kích thích cảm giác D. Hiệu ứng miễn dịch học E. Phát triển và sinh sản Effects III. Các nguy hiểm của chất gây ô nhiễm không khí trong nhà cụ thể A. hạt B. Hóa chất 1. Thuốc bảo vệ thực vật 2. VOC 3. Các Sản Phẩm Nổ 4. Môi trường khói thuốc lá chất gây ô nhiễm sinh học C. IV. Các hạn chế của. | CHAPTER 3 Hazard Identification of Indoor Air Pollutants John J. Liccione CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Approaches to the Hazard Identification of Indoor Air Pollutants A. Neurotoxicity B. Carcinogenicity C. Respiratory and Sensory Irritative Effects D. Immunological Effects E. Developmental and Reproductive Effects III. Hazards of Specific Indoor Air Contaminants A. Particulates B. Chemicals 1. Pesticides 2. VOCs 3. Combustion Products 4. Environmental Tobacco Smoke C. Biological Contaminants IV. Limitations of the Application of Hazard Identification to Indoor Air Pollutants A. Limitations of Epidemiologic Studies B. Nonspecificity of the Symptoms of Indoor Air Pollutants C. Difficulties in the Quantification of the Concentration of Indoor Air Pollutants D. Limitations of Animal Studies V. Critical Appraisal of the Data Concerning the Health Hazards of Indoor Air Pollutants VI. Summary Bibliography 1999 by CRC Press LLC I. INTRODUCTION The term hazard identification is widely used in risk assessment. The framework for hazard identification was provided by the National Research Council NRC in their seminal 1983 risk assessment guidelines in which hazard identification was defined as the process of determining whether exposure to an agent causes an increase in the incidence of a health condition . birth defects cancer NRC 1983 . Hazard identification is the first step of the risk assessment process and entails the characterization of the nature and strength of the evidence of causation. The focus of hazard identification is on answering the question Does the agent cause the adverse effect The NRC guidelines also identified four general classes of information that may be used in the hazard identification step including 1 epidemiological data 2 animal-bioassay data 3 short-term studies and 4 comparisons of molecular structure. Each of these classes is further characterized by a number of components as depicted in NRC 1983 and summarized in Table . The essential
