Trong 2-3 thập kỷ qua, một số lượng lớn các nghiên cứu đã được tiến hành về chất lượng không khí trong nhà trong các tòa nhà và nhà ở. Sau đây là một tổng quan ngắn gọn và lịch sử của một số các nghiên cứu lớn. Sau khi nỗ lực để thiết lập các giai đoạn, các nguyên tắc đo lường không khí trong nhà sẽ được thảo luận, sử dụng như các ví dụ phương pháp đo lường được sử dụng trong các nghiên cứu quan trọng. Sau đó, một cuộc điều tra đầy đủ hơn về. | CHAPTER 8 Measurement of Indoor Air Contaminants Lance A. Wallace CONTENTS I. Overview II. Introduction III. Measurement Methods A. Principles B. Particles 1. Sampling 2. Analysis C. VOCs 1. Sampling Methods 2. Analysis D. Pesticides E. Nitrosamines F. Carbon Monoxide G. Nitrogen Oxides IV. Air Exchange V. Major Indoor Air Studies A. Concentrations and Sources 1. Particles 2. VOCs 3. Inorganic Gases B. Air Exchange VI. Models Bibliography 1999 by CRC Press LLC I. OVERVIEW Over the last two to three decades a great number of studies have been conducted on indoor air quality in buildings and residences. The following is a brief overview and history of some of the major studies. After this effort to set the stage the principles of indoor air measurement will be discussed using as examples the measurement methods employed in these important studies. Then a more complete survey of these and other major studies and their findings will be provided. To interpret and extend these findings requires indoor air quality and exposure models these models will be discussed to conclude the chapter. II. INTRODUCTION Early studies were conducted in the 1970s in northern Europe particularly the Scandinavian countries Berglund et al. 1982a M0lhave and M0ller 1979 Seifert and Abraham 1982 Skov and Valbjorn 1987 Skov et al. 1989 1990 . There are several reasons for the fact that indoor air pollution was first perceived to be a problem in this area at that time. The oil crisis of 1973 put a premium on saving energy leading to new building practices that drastically reduced outdoor ventilation thereby allowing indoor sources to build concentrations of pollutants to high levels. These building practices were first instituted in the northern countries where they would have the greatest energy-saving effect. Also Scandinavian countries use rather homogenous building practices with many buildings of similar construction. This had the effect of making problems due to new construction practices
