Địa hình và cảnh quan Địa mạo và cứu trợ quá trình địa chất-Hình thành cơ chế và hiệu quả của họ về các quá trình sinh vật Biotic Zoogeomorphology quá trình cảnh quan và ảnh hưởng của động vật hoang dã Cảnh Tìm hiểu về hệ sinh thái Dynamics bài tập bảo tồn địa mạo và các quá trình địa mạo là cần thiết để hiểu biết về hệ sinh thái của cảnh quan (Swanson et al 1988.) . Rainshadows gây ra bởi sự tương tác giữa gió và những ngọn núi là một ví dụ rõ ràng của. | 4_ Landforms and Landscapes Jim Sanderson and Larry D. Harris CONTENTS Landforms and Geological Processes Relief-Forming Mechanisms and Their Effect on the Biota Biotic Processes Landscape Processes Zoogeomorphology and the Influence of Wildlife on Ecosystem Dynamics Landscape Conservation Exercises Understanding landforms and geomorphological processes is necessary to understanding the ecology of landscapes Swanson et al. 1988 . Rainshadows caused by the interaction of wind and mountains are but one obvious example of why landforms are important to the biota. Landforms effect the flow of energy and material that support life. Landform gradients can deliver water to wildlife or act to constrain their migratory paths. Appreciating the influence of landforms and climate on soil vegetation and wildlife is a familiar bottom-up path to gaining an appreciation for landscape ecology. Landforms and Geological Processes The relief sphere or outer boundary of the crust of the earth is the boundary between the atmosphere and the solid crust or lithosphere. About 71 of the relief sphere is covered by oceans. Geomorphology is the study of the genesis and history of landforms or more precisely of the subaerial relief sphere presently 26 of the surface of the earth exposed directly to the atmosphere not covered by ice or sea where higher plants and animals evolved and where humans live Budel 1982 . The shape of landforms is actively molded by plate 2000 by CRC Press LLC tectonic volcanic and exogenous processes last derived ultimately from solar energy that is converted to heat energy mainly at the surface of the earth. The appearance of landforms varies with climate. The relief sphere of the earth is covered by an atmosphere some 800 km thick. All processes of radiation wind movement pressure waves and other changes in the atmosphere and all surface and deep-water currents tidal movements swells convection and internal waves in the ocean are .
