Sinh thái học của Cảnh Cảnh hiệu ứng nhiệt đới phương bắc Rừng Rừng Phân mảnh và cộng đồng Bird biến đổi khí hậu khí quyển kết nối và châu chấu ở Australia Sinh thái học trong Chăn thả Sinh thái Cảnh quan và Deer chức năng hệ sinh thái và chim biết hót mạch lạc Paradigm Sinh thái cảnh quan đa dạng sinh học Bảo vệ đa dạng sinh học "điểm nóng" Predator Top trong một con người cao bị phân đoạn các bài tập Cảnh được thống trị hệ sinh thái cảnh quan là gì? Tại sao chúng. | Part II The Ecology of Landscapes 2000 by CRC Press LLC 5 The Ecology in Landscape Ecology Jim Sanderson and Larry D. Harris CONTENTS Landscape Effects Tropical Forests Boreal Forests Fragmentation and Bird Communities Atmospheric Connectivity Climate Change and Grasshoppers in Australia The Ecology in Landscape Ecology Grazing and Ecosystem Functioning Deer and Songbirds Coherent Landscape Ecology Paradigm Biodiversity Protecting Biodiversity Hot Spots A Top Predator in a Highly Fragmented Human-Dominated Landscape Exercises What is the ecology of landscapes Why should we study landscape ecology Landscape ecology is the study of processes and organisms that promote and maintain the natural functioning of more than one ecosystem. When mobile organisms and processes are decoupled from ecosystem processes by fragmentation or loss of connectivity natural ecosystem processes change often in catastrophic ways harmful to humans. Species identities numbers of species community composition and physical and chemical processes in ecosystems change. Often a loss of biodiversity results. The ramifications to conservation of the biological resources of the earth are clear. To maintain naturally functioning ecosystems landscape connectivity must be preserved. Earlier we wrote that advances in landscape ecology will come from the study of landscape effects and also the effects mobile organisms have on landscapes. Many studies show that the spatial structure of landscapes has important effects. The effects mobile organisms have on landscapes have 2000 by CRC Press LLC received relatively less attention. With the emergence of a new appreciation for keystone species Simberloff 1998 and ecosystem engineers Jones et al. 1997 1994 Lawton 1994 and the recognition that multilevel evolution Wilson 1997 takes place in local communities we are confident all organisms will be seen as important contributors to the ecology of landscapes. Landscape Effects .
