Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Adaptation of barley to mild winters: A role for PPDH2 | Casao et al. BMC Plant Biology 2011 11 164 http 1471-2229 11 164 BMC Plant Biology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Adaptation of barley to mild winters A role for PPDH2 A 4 z . z 1 Ỷ 2Ỷ 1 12 1 M Cristina Casao Ildiko Karsai Ernesto Igartua M Pilar Gracia Otto Veisz and Ana M Casas Abstract Background Understanding the adaptation of cereals to environmental conditions is one of the key areas in which plant science can contribute to tackling challenges presented by climate change. Temperature and day length are the main environmental regulators of flowering and drivers of adaptation in temperate cereals. The major genes that control flowering time in barley in response to environmental cues are VRNH1 VRNH2 VRNH3 PPDH1 and PPDH2 candidate gene HvFT3 . These genes from the vernalization and photoperiod pathways show complex interactions to promote flowering that are still not understood fully. In particular PPDH2 function is assumed to be limited to the ability of a short photoperiod to promote flowering. Evidence from the fields of biodiversity ecogeography agronomy and molecular genetics was combined to obtain a more complete overview of the potential role of PPDH2 in environmental adaptation in barley. Results The dominant PPDH2 allele is represented widely in spring barley cultivars but is found only occasionally in modern winter cultivars that have strong vernalization requirements. However old landraces from the Iberian Peninsula which also have a vernalization requirement possess this allele at a much higher frequency than modern winter barley cultivars. Under field conditions in which the vernalization requirement of winter cultivars is not satisfied the dominant PPDH2 allele promotes flowering even under increasing photoperiods above 12 h. This hypothesis was supported by expression analysis of vernalization-responsive genotypes. When the dominant allele of PPDH2 was expressed this was associated with enhanced levels of VRNH1 and VRNH3 .
