Xen văn hóa, khuếch tán của GIS và ứng dụng của nó để quản lý vùng ven biển ở các nước đang phát triển Cho dù được xem như là hệ thống hoặc là khoa học, nguồn gốc và sự phát triển của GIS là chủ yếu bắt nguồn từ phương Tây (chủ yếu là "Anglo-Saxon") khu vực địa lý, khoa học và công nghệ. Thật vậy, Coppock và Rhind thậm chí còn cụ thể hơn, và điểm đến "đóng góp chi phối của Bắc Mỹ để phát triển và thực hiện GIS lên giữa và cuối những năm 1980". | CHAPTER TWELVE Cultural Intermixing the Diffusion of GIS and its Application to Coastal Management in Developing Countries Darius Bartlett and R. Sudarshana INTRODUCTION Whether viewed as system or as science the origins and development of GIS are essentially rooted in Western largely Anglo-Saxon geographies sciences and technologies. Indeed Coppock and Rhind are even more specific and point to the dominant contribution of North America to the development and implementation of GIS up to the mid- and late-1980s Coppock and Rhind 1991 . In addition the overwhelming majority of international scientific journals and educational texts in the discipline similarly originate in Europe and North America. They are also mostly anglophone although recent years have seen the gradual emergence of a corpus of GIS literature in non-English though still predominantly European languages . for the French language see Collet 1992 Didier and Bouveyron 1993 Pantazis and Donnay 1996 Pornon and Hortefeux 1992 as well as references in Bourcier this volume Populus et al. this volume and Gourmelon and Le Berre this volume . While the origins of GIS and most other Information and Communications Technologies ICT lie in the West they are increasingly being applied to other parts of the world and their diffusion may be seen as a step towards the eventual creation of global information infrastructures. This transfer of GIS and ICTs as well as the know-how to apply them is generally heralded as a good thing Nag 1987 Taylor 1991 Hastings and Clark 1991 Yeh 1991 Salem 1994 Alhusein 1994 Metz et al. 2000 Nwilo this volume and a growing corpus of literature attests to the benefits that can accrue to receiving countries from the acquisition and application of spatial information technologies. Less well-publicised is the potential for cultural and other impacts on nonwestern societies as these tools and technologies become more widespread. In this paper we explore some of the issues that we .
