Việc xác định và định lượng các chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ trong ma trận môi trường đã được cải thiện đáng kể trong hai thập kỷ qua. Về cơ bản, việc xác định các chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ đòi hỏi phải khai thác có chọn lọc dung môi của các yếu tố quyết định (s) từ ma trận tiếp theo là phân tích định lượng bằng cách sử dụng thiết bị chuyên ngành. Thông thường các nhà nghiên cứu cần xác định một hợp chất mục tiêu và / hoặc các chất chuyển hóa của nó, do đó. | 12 Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Environmental Samples Julian J. C. Dawson Helena Maciel and Graeme I. Paton The University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland Kirk T. Semple Lancaster University Lancaster England I. INTRODUCTION The identification and quantification of organic pollutants in environmental matrices have improved significantly over the past two decades. Fundamentally the determination of organic contaminants requires selective solvent extraction of the determinant s from the matrix followed by quantifiable analysis using specialized instrumentation. Often the researcher needs to identify a target compound and or its metabolites thus focusing the choice of technique to suit the particular matrix and determinant s . Significant advances in instrument automation and reliability precision of flow control detector development and competitive instrument pricing have greatly increased the number and range of laboratories capable of fulfilling reliable and routine organic pollutant analysis. This chapter describes the main steps required in analysis of key organic pollutants in environmental samples concentrating on soil analysis to provide illustrative examples as soil is one of the more challenging matrices. Citations are made to references that provide specific information about instrumentation and the underpinning principles and scientific rationale. Several widely used methods are described and discussed in detail to exemplify the considerations needed for techniques. Copyright n 2004 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. A. Why Quantify and Identify Organic Contaminants The presence of organic pollutants in the environment is ubiquitous. From the high arctic to the tropics Jones and de Voogt 1999 recalcitrant and volatile pollutants are detectable in all environmental spheres. Soils and sediments are major sinks for organic pollutants and can retain the highest concentrations of released pollutants Northcott and Jones 2000 . Drinking water .
