Dầu khí chí các bên dưới bề mặt Đặc điểm vấn đề chung của các loại dầu khí Trung Sản phẩm hiệu xăng dầu khí sản phẩm chưng cất dầu nhiên liệu nặng hơn và dầu bôi trơn hành vi của Hydrocarbons dầu khí trong khu đất bên dưới bề mặt và không gian lỗ Phân vùng của chất lỏng giai đoạn nhẹ Nonaqueous (LNAPLs) trong Mobility dầu bên dưới bề mặt Thông qua đất quá trình của dưới bề mặt hành vi di cư của LNAPL trong đất và nước ngầm Tóm tắt hành vi LNAPL "thời tiết" của. | 5 Petroleum Releases to the Subsurface CONTENTS The Problem General Characteristics of Petroleum Types of Petroleum Products Gasolines Middle Distillates Heavier Fuel Oils and Lubricating Oils Behavior of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface Soil Zones and Pore Space Partitioning of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids LNAPLs in the Subsurface Oil Mobility Through Soils Processes of Subsurface Migration Behavior of LNAPL in Soils and Groundwater Summary of LNAPL Behavior Weathering of Subsurface Contaminants Petroleum Mobility and Solubility Formation of Petroleum Contamination Plumes Dissolved Contaminant Plume Vapor Contaminant Plume Estimating the Amount of Free Product in the Subsurface Effect of LNAPL Subsurface Layer Thickness on Well Thickness Effect of Soil Texture Effect of Water Table Fluctuations on LNAPL in Subsurface and Wells Effect of Water Table Fluctuations on Well Measurements Estimating the Amount of Residual LNAPL Immobilized in the Subsurface Subsurface Partitioning Loci of LNAPL Fuels DNAPL Free Product Plume Testing for the Presence of DNAPL Chemical Fingerprinting First Steps in Chemical Fingerprinting of Fuel Hydrocarbons Identifying Fuel Types Age-Dating Diesel Oils Simulated Distillation Curves and Carbon Number Distribution Curves References THE PROBLEM A major federal law governing pollution from underground storage tanks is described in Subtitles I and C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA . Spills to any navigable waters are regulated under the Federal Clean Water Act. One EPA estimate puts leaks from 2 to 7 million underground tanks as the source of 45 of all groundwater contamination with 95 of the leaking Copyright 2000 CRC Press LLC tanks containing motor fuel. The rest contain heating oil industrial solvents and liquid wastes among others. The EPA estimates that more than half of all underground storage tanks installed before 1993 have developed leaks. Approximately 40 of the .
