GPS Ứng dụng GPS là công nghệ không còn giới hạn ở tọa độ xác định. Nó đã trở thành một cách hiệu quả và ngày càng phổ biến để thu thập dữ liệu thuộc tính GIS cho cơ sở hạ tầng nước và nước thải. GIS thu thập dữ liệu cho hệ thống thoát nước hố ga bằng cách sử dụng GPS. | CHAPTER 5 GPS Applications GPS technology is no longer limited to determining coordinates. It has become an efficient and increasingly popular way for collecting GIS attribute data for water and wastewater infrastructure. GIS data collection for sewer system manholes using GPS. Copyright 2005 by Taylor Francis LEARNING OBJECTIVE The learning objective of this chapter is to discover the applications of global positioning system GPS technology in water industry GIS projects. MAJOR TOPICS GPS basics GPS applications in water industry GPS applications in GIS GPS survey steps GPS equipment GPS software LIST OF CHAPTER ACRONYMS DGPS Differential Global Positioning System GPS Global Positioning System GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System Russian System NAVSTAR Navigation System by Timing and Ranging PDOP Positional Dilution of Precision RTK Real Time Kinematic SA Selective Availability WGS84 World Geodetic System of 1984 STREAM MAPPING IN IOWA Application GPS software GPS equipment GPS accuracy GPS data Study area Organization Stream traversing and mapping channel features using GPS Trimble s Pathfinder Office Trimble Pathfinder Pro XR 1 m for discrete data and 5 m for continuous data Streambank conditions bottom sediment material and thickness channel cross sections debris dams tile lines tributary creeks and cattle access points Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge Jesper County Iowa Iowa Department of Natural Resources In 2000 GIS and GPS were used together to map a 12-km portion of Walnut Creek located near Prairie City in Jesper County Iowa Schilling and Wolter 2000 . The objective of the mapping project was to locate channel features and identify spatial trends among alluvial system variables that could be used to identify and prioritize portions of the stream channel and watershed in need of further investigation or restoration. Using Trimble Pathfinder Pro XR GPS equipment discrete locations channel cross sections debris dams tile lines tributary creeks and .
