Lập bản đồ GIS cung cấp công cụ mạnh mẽ và hiệu quả chi phí cho việc tạo bản đồ thông minh cho nước, nước thải, và các hệ thống nước mưa. Bản đồ hệ thống thoát nước được tạo ra bởi GIS (Borough của Ramsey, New Jersey). | CHAPTER 8 Mapping GIS provides powerful and cost-effective tools for creating intelligent maps for water wastewater and stormwater systems. A sewer system map created by GIS Borough of Ramsey New Jersey . Copyright 2005 by Taylor Francis LEARNING OBJECTIVE The learning objective of this chapter is to understand how to create GIS maps for water wastewater and stormwater systems. MAJOR TOPICS Mapping basics Map types Advantages of GIS maps GIS mapping steps Mapping case studies LIST OF CHAPTER ACRONYMS AM FM Automated Mapping Facilities Management AML Arc Macro Language DRG Digital Raster Graphics USGS topographic maps NAD-27 North American Datum of 1927 NAD-83 North American Datum of 1983 QA QC Quality Assurance Quality Control SPC State Plane Coordinate Map Projection System TIGER Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System . Census Bureau Mapping System UTM Universal Transverse Mercator Map Projection System VBA Visual Basic for Applications This book focuses on the four main applications of GIS which are mapping monitoring maintenance and modeling and are referred to as the 4M applications. In this chapter we will learn how to implement the first m mapping . LOS ANGELES COUNTY S SEWER MAPPING PROGRAM In the 1980s the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County California envisioned a computerized maintenance management system that would provide decision makers with essential information about the condition of the collection system. A sewer and manhole database was subsequently developed but investments in GIS technology were deferred until the early 1990s when desktop PCs became powerful enough to run sophisticated GIS applications. In 1993 a GIS needs analysis study was performed which recommended implementation of a large-scale enterprise-wide GIS. An inhouse effort was started to implement the recommendations of the study. Several sections in the Districts formed a project committee to pilot test GIS technology that could be .
