Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Muscle-driven forward dynamic simulations for the study of normal and pathological gait | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation BioMed Central Review Open Access Muscle-driven forward dynamic simulations for the study of normal and pathological gait Stephen J Piazza Address Departments of Kinesiology Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation University Park PA and Hershey PA USA Email Stephen J Piazza - steve-piazza@ Corresponding author Published 06 March 2006 Received 04 October 2005 Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation2006 3 5 doi 1743-0003-3-5 This article is available from http content 3 1 5 Accepted 06 March 2006 2006Piazza licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract There has been much recent interest in the use of muscle-actuated forward dynamic simulations to describe human locomotion. These models simulate movement through the integration of dynamic equations of motion and usually are driven by excitation inputs to muscles. Because motion is effected by individual muscle actuators these simulations offer potential insights into the roles played by muscles in producing walking motions. Better knowledge of the actions of muscles should lead to clarification of the etiology of movement disorders and more effective treatments. This article reviews the use of such simulations to characterize musculoskeletal function and describe the actions of muscles during normal and pathological locomotion. The review concludes by identifying ways in which models must be improved if their potential for clinical utility is to be realized. Introduction Gait disorders are often attributed either to muscles interfering with locomotor function or to muscles being prevented from performing their proper actions. Many options are available for
