Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Indian vaccine innovation: the case of Shantha Biotechnics | Chakma et al. Globalization and Health 2011 7 9 http content 7 1 9 H2 globalization 7 AND HEALTH RESEARCH Open Access Indian vaccine innovation the case of Shantha Biotechnics Justin Chakma Hassan Masum Kumar Perampaladas Jennifer Heys and Peter A Singer Abstract Background Although the World Health Organization had recommended that every child be vaccinated for Hepatitis B by the early 1980s large multinational pharmaceutical companies held monopolies on the recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine. At a price as high as USD 23 a dose most Indians families could not afford vaccination. Shantha Biotechnics a pioneering Indian biotechnology company founded in 1993 saw an unmet need domestically and developed novel processes for manufacturing Hepatitis B vaccine to reduce prices to less than 1 dose. Further expansion enabled low-cost mass vaccination globally through organizations such as UNICEF. In 2009 Shantha sold over 120 million doses of vaccines. The company was recently acquired by Sanofi-Aventis at a valuation of USD 784 million. Methods The case study and grounded research method was used to illustrate how the globalization of healthcare R D is enabling private sector companies such as Shantha to address access to essential medicines. Sources including interviews literature analysis and on-site observations were combined to conduct a robust examination of Shantha s evolution as a major provider of vaccines for global health indications. Results Shantha s ability to become a significant global vaccine manufacturer and achieve international valuation and market success appears to have been made possible by focusing first on the local health needs of India. How Shantha achieved this balance can be understood in terms of a framework of four guiding principles. First Shantha identified a therapeutic area Hepatitis B in which cost efficiencies could be achieved for reaching the poor. Second Shantha persistently sought investments and .
