Ultrasound for Surgeons - part 7

TCD đã được sử dụng trong gần hai mươi năm là một phương pháp an toàn, không xâm lấn, và tái sản xuất để nghiên cứu hemodynamics nội sọ mạch máu não theo một dải rộng các điều kiện sinh lý và pathophysiologic. Kỹ thuật nhà điều hành phụ thuộc và đòi hỏi một đường cong học tập để trở nên hiệu quả và chính xác | Transcranial Doppler 101 unlikely to show a loss of cortical blood flow and transport of these critically ill patients becomes unnecessary. Summary TCD has been used for almost twenty years as a safe noninvasive and reproducible method to study intracranial cerebrovascular hemodynamics under a broad spectrum of physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. The technique is operator dependent and requires a learning curve to become effective and accurate. Ongoing studies of cerebral hemodynamics and circulatory control are enhanced by the ability of continuous TCD to monitor instantaneous changes in relative cerebral blood flow. Suggested Reading 1. Harders A. Neurosurgical applications of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Wein Springer-Verlag 1986 17. 2. Aaslid LR Markwalder TM Nornes H. Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries. J Neurosurg 1982 57 769-774. 3. Arnolds BF von Reutern GM. Transcranial Doppler sonography. Examination technique and normal reference values. Ultrasound Med Biol 1986 12 2 115-123. 4. Spencer MP Whisler K. Transorbital Doppler diagnosis of intracranial arterial stenosis. Stroke 1986 17 916. 5. Fujioka K. Anatomy and Freehand Examination Techniques in Transcranial Doppler. In Newell DW Aaslid R eds. NewYork Raven Press Ltd chapter 2. 6. Feinber WM Devine J Ledbetter B et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with inadequate temporal windows. Presented at the 4th International Intracranial Hemodynamics Symposium Orlando FL. 1990. 7. Petty GW Wiebers DO Meissner L. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography Clinical applications in cerebrovascular disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1990 65 1350. 8. Ringlestein EB Sievers C Ecker S et al. Noninvasive assessment of CO2 induced cerebral vasomotor response in normal individuals and patients with internal carotid artery occlusions. Stroke 1988 19 963-969. 9. Yonas H Gur D Latchaw RE et al. Xenon computed tomographic blood flow mapping In Wood JH ed. .