Hiện nay, có hơn 50 triệu người hút thuốc ở đất nước này, và khoảng 800 tỷ điếu thuốc được hút thuốc lá mỗi năm. Hút thuốc lá là nguyên nhân hàng đầu tránh được bệnh tật và tử vong ở Hoa Kỳ. Theo một báo cáo, hơn ca tử vong mỗi năm ở Hoa Kỳ có thể là do hút thuốc lá. | The Musculoskeletal Effects of Smoking Scott E. Porter MD and Edward N. Hanley Jr MD Abstract Currently there are more than 50 million smokers in this country and approximately 800 billion cigarettes are smoked each year. Smoking is now the leading avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. According to one report over 500 000 deaths per year in the United States alone can be attributed to smoking. For years orthopaedic surgeons have known about the relationships that putatively exist between smoking and an array of orthopaedic conditions and complications. It has been shown to adversely affect bone mineral density lumbar disk disease the rate of hip fractures and the dynamics of bone and wound healing. Although scientific and clinical information on smoking and its consequences suggests differing degrees of correlation between smoking and orthopaedic conditions most available data do suggest a real and reproducible relationship. In the past there have been many individual reports that deal with these relationships separately but very few published comprehensive reviews. This summary of the current literature regarding the relationship between smoking and musculoskeletal diseases and their treatment provides information that can be used clinically by both the practitioner and the patient. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001 9 9-17 Cigarette smoking has come under increasing attack by a number of different groups both within the United States and worldwide. This has been fueled in part by recognition of the increasing number of diseases with which smoking has been directly or indirectly associated. Currently there are more than 50 million smokers in this country and approximately 800 billion cigarettes are smoked each The adverse effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system are common 3 Smoking is implicated in the etiology of a multitude of cancers as 4 Smoking is now the leading avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality .
