Khuỷu tay là phải chịu áp lực rất lớn valgus trong chuyển động ném, nơi các vận động viên ném trên không có nguy cơ đáng kể đối với chấn thương. Chấn thương liên quan đến cấu trúc của khuỷu tay trung gian xảy ra trong các mô hình khác biệt. Mặc dù chấn thương cấp tính của khuỷu tay trung gian | Medial Elbow Problems in the Overhead-Throwing Athlete Frank S. Chen MD Andrew S. Rokito MD and Frank W. Jobe MD Abstract The elbow is subjected to enormous valgus stresses during the throwing motion which places the overhead-throwing athlete at considerable risk for injury. Injuries involving the structures of the medial elbow occur in distinct patterns. Although acute injuries of the medial elbow can occur the majority are overuse injuries as a result of the repetitive forces imparted to the elbow by throwing. Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament complex results in valgus instability. Valgus extension overload leads to diffuse osseous changes within the elbow joint and secondary posteromedial impingement. Overuse of the flexor-pronator musculature may result in medial epicondylitis and occasional muscle tears and ruptures. Ulnar neuropathy is a common finding that may be due to a variety of factors including traction friction and compression of the ulnar nerve. Advances in nonoperative and operative treatment regimens specific to each injury pattern have resulted in the restoration of elbow function and the successful return of most injured overhead athletes to competitive activities. With further insight into the relevant anatomy biomechanics and pathophysiology involved in overhead activities and their associated injuries significant contributions can continue to be made toward prevention and treatment of these injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001 9 99-113 The elbow is subjected to tremendous valgus stresses during overhead activities which result in specific injury patterns unique to the throwing athlete. The forces generated as the result of repetitive throwing are primarily concentrated on the medial structures of the elbow. Consequently medial elbow problems predominate in the athlete engaged in overhead activities. Although acute traumatic injuries to the osseous musculotendinous and ligamentous structures of the elbow may occur the majority are chronic
