Mặc dù có nhiều thành tích trong nông nghiệp hiện đại, sản xuất cây lương thực tiếp tục là cản bởi các tác nhân gây bệnh và sâu bệnh gây bệnh. Trong nhiều trường hợp, thuốc trừ sâu hóa học có hiệu quả bảo vệ thực vật từ những tác nhân gây bệnh. Tuy nhiên, mối quan tâm của công chúng về tác hại của thuốc trừ sâu hóa học đối với môi trường và sức khỏe con người đã thúc đẩy tìm kiếm các lựa chọn thay thế an toàn hơn, điều khiển thân thiện với môi trường (1-3) | 7 Microbial Enzymes in the Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens and Pests Leonid Chernin and Ilan Chet The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel I. INTRODUCTION Despite many achievements in modern agriculture food crop production continues to be plagued by disease-causing pathogens and pests. In many cases chemical pesticides effectively protect plants from these pathogens. However public concerns about harmful effects of chemical pesticides on the environment and human health have prompted a search for safer environmentally friendly control alternatives 1-3 . One promising approach is biological control that uses microorganisms capable of attacking or suppressing pathogens and pests in order to reduce disease injury. Biological control of plant pathogens offers a potential means of overcoming ecological problems induced by pesticides. It is an ecological approach based on the natural interactions of organisms with the use of one or more biological organisms to control the pathogen. Generally biological control uses specific microorganisms that attack or interfere with specific pathogens and pests. Because of their specificity different microbial biocontrol agents typically are needed to control different pathogens and pests or the same ones in different environments. Agriculture benefits and is dependent on the resident communities of microorganisms for naturally occurring biological control but additional benefits can be achieved by introducing specific ones when and where they are needed 4-9 . Many agrochemical and biotechnological companies throughout the world are increasing their interest and investment in the biological control of plant diseases and pests. For plant pathogens alone the current list of microbial antagonists available for use in commercial disease biocontrol includes around 40 preparations 9-11 . These are all based on the practical application of seven species of bacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter Bacillus subtilis Burkholderia cepacia .
