Phát hành của chì vào Môi trường Chì (Pb) có thể được phát hành vào môi trường chung như là một kết quả của ô tô sử dụng xăng pha chì như một đại lý antiknock (1), sơn có chứa chì (2), nước do lãnh đạo hàn trong nước hệ thống đường ống (2), và lượng khí thải trong khí quyển dẫn cho các nguồn công nghiệp như lò nung (1). Trong những năm gần đây, phiên bản chì trong khí quyển đã được giảm ở nhiều nước do việc loại bỏ chì từ xăng và các hạn chế về. | 12 Lead Emily F. Madden . Food and Drug Administration Rockville Maryland Mary J. Sexton University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland Donald R. Smith University of California Santa Cruz California Bruce A. Fowler University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland 1. INTRODUCTION Release of Lead into the Environment Lead Pb may be released into the general environment as a result of automobiles using leaded gasoline as an antiknock agent 1 lead-containing paint 2 water due to lead solder in water pipe systems 2 and atmospheric emissions of lead for industrial sources such as smelters 1 . In recent years the atmospheric releases of lead have been reduced in many countries owing to the removal of lead from gasoline and restrictions on the release of lead from point sources. Lead-based paint is still a problem in some countries such as the United States as a result of its use in older housing stocks. The decreased use of lead solder in water systems has greatly reduced exposure to lead from this source. Copyright 2002 Marcel Dekker Inc. Human Body Burdens Once absorbed into the system the largest stores of lead in the body are found in the bone 2 followed by the kidney and liver 2 . The blood is a short-term storage compartment that is useful as a measure of lead exposure during the last 30 days 2 . There is a dynamic relationship between the blood and bone compartments 2 and the other target organ systems such as the brain and kidney 2 . Once the skeleton has achieved an elevated concentration it will continue to release a portion of its stores over a long time period even following cessation of exposure. Populations at Risk The toxic properties of lead have been known for centuries 2 . As noted above this element is found in food air and water 1 2 and humans are exposed to it in varying quantities. In recent years concern has been focused on populations of special risk as a result of increased exposure as in the case of workers 2 age or physiological status 2 for
