Một số ý kiến quan trọng đã được hữu ích trong việc chuẩn bị này (1-8). Các hình thức vật lý và hóa học của thủy ngân Các yếu tố thủy ngân được đặt tên sau khi sứ giả của các vị thần La Mã, vì nó là điện thoại di động của tất cả các kim loại. Trên mặt đất hoặc nhà nước không quá trình oxy hóa (Hg 0), thủy ngân là kim loại duy nhất đó là chất lỏng ở nhiệt độ phòng. Chất lỏng kim loại thủy ngân có thể hình thành hỗn hống ổn. | 13 Mercury Thomas W. Clarkson University of Rochester School of Medicine Rochester New York 1. INTRODUCTION Several major reviews were useful in the preparation of this review 1-8 . The Physical and Chemical Forms of Mercury The element mercury is aptly named after the messenger of the Roman gods as it is the most mobile of all the metals. In its ground or zero-oxidation state Hg0 mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. Liquid metallic mercury can form stable amalgams with a number of other metals. An amalgam with silver and copper is the basis of dental amalgam tooth fillings. Both the amalgam and liquid phases allow mercury to vaporize as a monatomic gas usually referred to as mercury vapor . Mercury has two oxidation states each capable of forming a variety of chemical compounds. In the mercurous state two atoms of mercury each having lost one electron form the mercurous ion Hg-Hg . Mercuric mercury Hg where two electrons have been lost from one atom of the metal forms most of the compounds of mercury. Mercuric mercury can also form a number of organic mercury compounds by bonding to a carbon atom for example the phenyl C6 5-Hg and methyl CH3-Hg mercuric cations. Methyl mercury compounds used exten- Copyright 2002 Marcel Dekker Inc. sively in the past as fungicides have been responsible for several mass outbreaks of poisoning. Sources of Human Exposure In the past mercury and its compounds found a wide variety of uses in agriculture industry and medicine. Studies of mercury levels in peat bog in northwest Spain indicate that substantial anthropogenic deposition took place as early as 2500 years ago. This the authors 9 stated coincided with the startup of the Almaden mercury mine in central Spain. The authors also concluded that anthropogenic mercury has dominated the deposition record in Spain since the Islamic period 8th-11th centuries . . Global emissions have increased in the past 100-150 years. Today most human exposure to .
