Organonitrogen hợp chất 15,1 GIỚI THIỆU Nitơ xảy ra trong một loạt các hợp chất hữu cơ có nguồn gốc tổng hợp và tự nhiên. Chương này bàn về hợp chất hữu cơ có chứa carbon, hydro, và nitơ. Rất nhiều các hợp chất organonitrogen quan trọng chứa oxy, và được bảo hiểm trong các phần sau của chương. Không phải là những mối quan tâm về organonitrogen hợp chất là một số lượng đáng kể các hợp chất này (bao gồm cả một số amin thơm và chất nitrosamine) gây ung thư | Chapter 15 Organonitrogen Compounds introduction Nitrogen occurs in a wide variety of organic compounds of both synthetic and natural origin. This chapter discusses organic compounds that contain carbon hydrogen and nitrogen. Many significant organonitrogen compounds contain oxygen as well and these are covered in later parts of the chapter. Not the least of the concerns regarding organonitrogen compounds is that a significant number of these compounds including some aromatic amines and nitrosamines are carcinogenic. nonaromatic amines Lower Aliphatic Amines Amines may be regarded as derivatives of ammonia NH3 in which one to three of the H atoms have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups. When these groups are aliphatic groups of which none contains more than six C atoms the compound may be classified as a lower aliphatic amine. Among the more commercially important of these amines are mono- di- and trimethylamine mono- di- and triethylamine dipropylamine isopropylamine butylamine dibutylamine diisobutylamine cyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine. Example structures are given in Figure . The structures in Figure indicate some important aspects of amines. Methylamine methyl-2-propylamine and triethylamine are primary secondary and tertiary amines respectively. A primary amine has one hydrocarbon group substituted for H on NH3 a secondary amine has two and a tertiary amine has three. Dicyclohexylamine has two cycloalkane substituent groups attached and is a secondary amine. All of the aliphatic amines have strong odors. Of the compounds listed above as commercially important aliphatic amines the methylamines and monoethylamine are gases under ambient conditions whereas the others are colorless volatile liquids. The lower aliphatic amines are highly flammable. They are used primarily as intermediates in the manufacture of other chemicals including polymers rubber plastics textiles agricultural chemicals and medicinal chemicals. The lower .
