Địa phương quản lý đa dạng sinh học trong truyền thống Agroecosystems Mục tiêu phát triển của thực phẩm tăng lên và sản xuất sợi để phù hợp với nhu cầu của dân số ngày càng tăng và các mong đợi của họ tăng thường có thể xung đột với mục tiêu bảo tồn tại chỗ của bảo tồn đa dạng di truyền thực vật (Williams, 1986; Alcorn, 1991). | CHAPTER 12 Local Management of Biodiversity in Traditional Agroecosystems Robert E. Rhoades and Virginia D. Nazarea CONTENTS Introduction Historical Perspective on Agrobiodiversity Strategies for In Situ Agrobiodiversity Conservation by Indigenous Communities Multidimensional Criteria for Selection and Maintenance of Landraces Comparison of Scientific Formal Approaches to Biodiversity Maintenance Social Economic and Political Dimensions of In Situ Conservation The Social Context of Community-Based Biodiversity Management Global Change and Plant Genetic Resources Pathways Toward the Future References INTRODUCTION The development goal of increased food and fiber production to match the needs of growing populations and their rising expectations may often conflict with the in situ conservation goal of preserving plant genetic diversity Williams 1986 Alcorn 1991 . As broadly adapted high-yielding varieties coupled with input packages 1999 by CRC Press LLC. of irrigation fertilizers and pesticides find their way into traditionally diverse marginal agroecosystems the number and diversity of local landraces as well as associated local knowledge may erode. This process is global although its dynamic and intensity may vary from place to place and across time Ford-Lloyd and Jackson 1986 Oldfield and Alcorn 1991 Brush 1992 Dove 1996 . One of the premises of sustainable agriculture is that this trade-off between increasing productivity and loss of biodiversity is not inevitable National Research Council 1992 Thrupp 1997 . Precisely how the two goals are simultaneously achieved however is not an insignificant research problem or an easily answered policy issue see Williams 1986 . Present demographic and economic global trends require more food per unit area and unit time but the necessary yield increases will not be forthcoming unless sufficient biodiversity is continuously available to plant and animal breeders. Our primary thesis is that one useful but neglected strategy to .
