Drought and Water Cruises: Science, Technology, and Management Issues - Chapter 14

ĐẶC ĐIỂM CHÍNH CỦA hạn hán Tại Tây Ban Nha A. Giới thiệu: Quản lý nước và Khung kế hoạch ở Tây Ban Nha Tại Tây Ban Nha, nước không chỉ là một tài nguyên thiên nhiên. Hạn hán hơn một sự kết hợp của yếu tố khí tượng vì nó thường tạo ra xung đột giữa người sử dụng, suy giảm hệ sinh thái sông, và nhận thức của công chúng tăng lên. trong hạn hán, kết quả giảm sự sẵn có của nước trong lớn hơn áp lực trên bề mặt hiện có và nguồn cung cấp nước bên dưới bề mặt, và cuộc tranh luận về các. | 14 Droughts and Water Stress Situations in Spain MANUEL MENENDEZ PRIETO CONTENTS I. Main Characteristics of Droughts in Spain. 368 A. Introduction Water Management and Planning Framework in Spain . 368 B. Drought Definition. 369 C. The Experience of the 1990-95 Drought. 371 II. Driving Forces and Pressures in Water Stress Situations. 373 A. Water Balance in Spain. 373 B. Potential Effects of Global Warming. 376 C. Trends in Water Demands . 377 III. Response Strategies. 378 A. Early Identification of Droughts. 378 B. Systems Operation. 380 IV. Conclusions and Recommendations. 383 References. 384 367 Copyright 2005 by Taylor Francis Group 368 Prieto I. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHTS IN SPAIN A. Introduction Water Management and Planning Framework in Spain In Spain water is not just another natural resource. Drought is more than a combination of meteorological factors because it usually produces conflicts between users deterioration in river ecology and increased public awareness. During drought the decreased availability of water results in greater pressure on existing surface and subsurface water supplies and debates about potential remediation measures usually go beyond the scientific or technical spheres and into the political sphere. Water management in Spain is based on river basin departments RBDs see location of main Spanish river basins in Figure 1 . If water runs through more than one regional territory autonomous community the RBD depends on the state administration and is called an inter-community Figure 1 Location of main river basin departments black border lines and autonomous communities shaded regions . Copyright 2005 by Taylor Francis Group Droughts and Water Stress Situations in Spain 369 basin. An intra-community basin lies completely within the limits of one autonomous community and the regional administration assumes authority for water management. Water planning is accomplished through two main instruments basin hydrological plans and the .