Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management - Chapter 13

Thuốc trừ sâu đóng vai trò chính trong việc kiểm soát sâu bệnh và cỏ dại và côn trùng Mang lại có năng suất cao về bền vững và chất lượng nông nghiệp cao hơn sản xuất. Cũng có Theys đã giúp giải phóng từ các nông dân nhiệm vụ backbreaking của làm cỏ. Thuốc trừ sâu, bao gồm Những người nào phục vụ mục đích của thuốc trừ sâu, thuốc diệt nấm, và thuốc diệt cỏ, là những chất tích cực của số phận đó có một số độc tính Những điều hướng sống. Thuốc trừ sâu áp dụng cho đất nông nghiệp được. | 920103_CRC20_0904_CH13 1 13 01 11 10 AM ge 275 CHAPTER 13 Environmental Fate of Pesticides Masako Ueji and Yuso Kobara CONTENTS Pesticides in Behavior in Residue in Adsorption and Degradation in Pesticides in Aquatic Runoff from Farmland to Aquatic Degradation in Aqueous Pesticides in the Entry Pathways into the Drift . . . . . . . . . . .285 Wind Behavior of Pesticides in the Atmosphere .287 Deposition of Pesticides with Rainfall and as Degradation of Pesticides in the Atmosphere .287 Influences of Pesticides on Impacts on Nontarget Bioconcentration .290 0-8493-0904-2 01 .50 2001 by CRC Press LLC 275 920103_CRC20_0904_CH13 1 13 01 11 10 AM Page 276 276 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION Pesticides play a major role in controlling insect pests and weeds and have brought about sustained high yields and higher quality of agricultural produce. They have also helped liberate farmers from the backbreaking task of weeding. Pesticides which serve purposes including those of insecticides fungicides and herbicides are active substances that have some sort of toxicity toward living things. Pesticides applied to farmland are put into the environment on purpose then are dispersed widely throughout the atmosphere soil and aquatic environment outside farmland. Thus in an attempt to solve problems involving toxicity residual tendency and selectivity among organisms which are drawbacks of pesticides improvements have been made in the chemical structures of these chemicals and in the ways they are formulated and applied. As a result currently used pesticides are compounds characterized by low toxicity easy degradability high selectivity and high activity Takagi and Ueji 1997 . Decreasing the .