Để đảm bảo an toàn công cộng của các nguồn cung cấp nước uống, sinh vật gây hại và các chất gây ô nhiễm độc hại phải được giảm đến mức vô hại. Để có thể cung cấp này đảm bảo khi nước nở hoa độc hại từ cyanobacteria xảy ra trên hồ chứa cung cấp, kỹ thuật phân tích được yêu cầu về độ nhạy đủ để mô tả bất kỳ nguy hiểm. Cách tiếp cận sớm để đánh giá mối nguy hiểm tiềm năng từ một nở cyanobacteria đã được thử nghiệm độc tính của cặn bã hoặc. | 10 Detection and Analysis of Cylindrospermopsins and Microcystins To assure public safety of drinking water supplies harmful organisms and toxic contaminants must be reduced to harmless levels. In order to be able to provide this assurance when toxic cyanobacterial water blooms occur on supply reservoirs analytical techniques are required of sufficient sensitivity to characterize any hazard. The early approach to assessing potential hazard from a cyanobacterial bloom was the toxicity testing of scum or concentrate samples by injection into mice Falconer 1993 . This method has limitations through lack of sensitivity and specificity and ethical difficulties due to subjecting animals to potentially painful treatment. In the last decade a series of alternative approaches have been developed including microbiotests using invertebrates enzyme inhibition assays enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays ELISAs and a range of chemical analytical techniques. This chapter considers these methods and also evaluates the remaining role for in vivo mouse assays. Cyanobacterial toxins are synthesized within the cells of the organisms and largely remain within the cells during growth. However when the cells senesce or are killed there may be high concentrations of toxin that are free in the water. Blooms senesce and lyse die naturally so that a water body with a Microcystis or Planktothrix bloom that is forming a decaying scum will have appreciable quantities of free toxin in the water. Copper treatment of reservoirs kills the cyanobacterial cells and releases toxins into the water. During water treatment the early addition of chlorine will lyse the cells similarly releasing toxin into the water. Thus for accurate measurement of a cyanobacterial toxin in a drinking water supply it is important to measure total toxin in the water that is toxin in cells plus free toxin in the water for a reliable assessment of potential hazard. The majority of bioassay and analytical techniques are .
