Cụm phân tích không gian, hồi quy không gian, và các ứng dụng trong ung thư, Toponymical, và các nghiên cứu Homicide Phân tích cụm không gian phát hiện nồng độ bất thường hoặc nonrandomness các sự kiện trong không gian và thời gian. Nonrandomness các sự kiện cho thấy sự tồn tại của tự tương quan không gian, và do đó đòi hỏi phải sử dụng hồi quy không gian trong phân tích hồi quy của những sự kiện. Kể từ khi vấn đề được đưa ra vài thập kỷ trước đây, các ứng dụng phân tích cluster không gian. | 9 Spatial Cluster Analysis Spatial Regression and Applications in Toponymical Cancer and Homicide Studies Spatial cluster analysis detects unusual concentrations or nonrandomness of events in space and time. Nonrandomness of events indicates the existence of spatial autocorrelation and thus necessitates the usage of spatial regression in regression analysis of those events. Since the issues were raised several decades ago applications of spatial cluster analysis and spatial regression were initially limited because of their requirements of intensive computation. Recent advancements in software development including availability of many free packages have stimulated greater interests and wide applications. This chapter discusses spatial cluster analysis and spatial regression and introduces related spatial analysis packages that implement some of the methods. Two application fields utilize spatial cluster analysis extensively. In crime studies it is often referred to as hot-spot analysis. Concentrations of criminal activities or hot spots in certain areas may be caused by 1 particular activities such as drug trading . Weisburd and Green 1995 2 specific land uses such as skid row areas and bars or 3 interaction between activities and land uses such as thefts at bus stops and transit stations . Block and Block 1995 . Identifying hot spots is useful for police and crime prevention units to target their efforts on limited areas. Health-related research is another field with wide usage of spatial cluster analysis. Does the disease exhibit any spatial clustering pattern What areas experience a high or low prevalence of disease Elevated disease rates in some areas may arise simply by chance alone or may be of no public health significance. The pattern generally warrants study only when it is statistically significant Jacquez 1998 . Spatial cluster analysis is an essential and effective first step in any exploratory investigation. If the spatial cluster patterns of a
