Chương này thảo luận về quá trình khai thác dầu cọ, hệ thống xử lý nước thải, và công nghệ trong tương lai và các ứng dụng cho ngành công nghiệp dầu cọ. Dầu cọ thô (CPO) được chiết xuất từ các mesocarp của fruitlets trong khi dầu cọ hạt nhân thu được từ hạt nhân (hình ). Nội dung dầu có nguồn gốc từ mesocarp và hạt nhân là 20 và 4%, tương ứng. Dầu cọ là một loại dầu nửa rắn, giàu vitamin và một số axit béo quan trọng: oleic, palmitic, linoleic. Để sản xuất dầu cọ,. | 4 Treatment of Palm Oil Wastewaters Mohd Ali Hassan and Shahrakbah Yacob University Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia Yoshihito Shirai Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu Japan Yung-Tse Hung Cleveland State University Cleveland Ohio . INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses the palm oil extraction process wastewater treatment systems and future technologies and applications for the palm oil industry. Crude palm oil CPO is extracted from the mesocarp of the fruitlets while palm kernel oil is obtained from the kernel Fig. . The oil contents originating from mesocarp and kernel are 20 and 4 respectively. Palm oil is a semisolid oil rich in vitamins and several major fatty acids oleic palmitic and linoleic. To produce palm oil a considerable amount of water is needed which in turn generates a large volume of wastewater. Palm oil mills and palm oil refineries are two main sources of palm oil wastewater however the first is the larger source of pollution and effluent known as palm oil mill effluent POME . An estimated 30 million tons of palm oil mill effluent POME are produced annually from more than 300 palm oil mills in Malaysia. Owing to the high pollution load and environmental significance of POME this chapter shall place emphasis on its treatment system. Production of Crude Palm Oil CPO It is important to note that no chemicals are added in the extraction of oil from the oil palm fruits therefore making all generated wastes nontoxic to the environment. The extraction of crude palm oil involves mainly mechanical and heating processes and is illustrated in several steps below Fig. . Sterilization To ensure the quality and the productivity of palm oil mill the fresh fruit bunches FFB must be processed within 24 hours of harvesting. Thus most of the palm oil mills are located in close 101 2006 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 102 Hassan et al. Figure A Cross-section cutting of oil palm fruit showing shell mesocarp and kernel sections B manual .
