Việc sản xuất hàng dệt đại diện cho một lớn của người tiêu dùng về chất lượng nước cao. Như là một kết quả của quá trình khác nhau, một lượng đáng kể các nguồn nước ô nhiễm được phát hành. Độ lớn đại diện cho tiêu thụ nước là 100 -200 L nước mỗi kg sản phẩm dệt may. Xem xét một sản xuất hàng năm 40 triệu tấn các loại sợi dệt, bản phát hành của nước bị lãng phí có thể được ước tính vượt quá 4 - 8 tỷ mét khối mỗi năm | 8 Treatment of Textile Wastes Thomas Bechtold and Eduard Burtscher Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck Austria Yung-Tse Hung Cleveland State University Cleveland Ohio . IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF TEXTILE WASTES Textile Processes The production of textiles represents one of the big consumers of high water quality. As a result of various processes considerable amounts of polluted water are released. Representative magnitudes for water consumption are 100-200 L of water per kilogram of textile product. Considering an annual production of 40 million tons of textile fibers the release of wasted water can be estimated to exceed 4-8 billion cubic meters per year. The production of a textile requires several stages of mechanical processing such as spinning weaving knitting and garment production which seem to be insulated from the wet treatment processes like pretreatment dyeing printing and finishing operations but there is a strong interrelation between treatment processes in the dry state and consecutive wet treatments. For a long time the toxicity of released wastewater was mainly determined by the detection of biological effects from pollution high bulks of foam or intensively colored rivers near textile plants. Times have changed and the identification and classification of wastewater currently are fixed by communal regulations 1 2 . General regulations define the most important substances to be observed critically by the applicant and propose general strategies to be applied for minimization of the release of hazardous substances. The proposed set of actions has to be integrated into processes and production steps 3 . Figure 1 gives a general overview of a textile plant and also indicates strategic positions for actions to minimize ecological impact. In this figure the textile plant is defined as a structure that changes the properties of a textile raw material to obtain a desired product pattern. The activities to treat hazardous wastes .
