Bốn nguyên tử phổ biến nhất tạo nên sự sống trên trái đất là carbon, hydro, nitơ, và oxy, và hydrogen cyanide (HCN) bao gồm ba trong số những macronutrients cần thiết. cyanide đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong sự phát triển tiền sinh của các axit amin, peptide, nucleotide, chất béo, và màng, và tiếp tục là một phần không thể tách rời của tự nhiên trên trái đất và vũ trụ. cyanide là một nguồn nitơ, một chất dinh dưỡng mà tất cả các sinh vật sống yêu cầu | 3 Natural Sources of Cyanide George M. Wong-Chong Rajat S. Ghosh Joseph T. Bushey Stephen D. Ebbs and Edward F. Neuhauser CONTENTS Cyanide in Vascular Plants . 26 Cyanogenesis in Plants. 26 Role of Cyanogenesis in Plants and its Impacts. 27 Impact of Cyanogenesis in Cassava Manihot esculenta . 29 Impact of Cyanogenesis in Forage. 30 Ethylene Production in Plants. 32 Cyanide in Microorganisms . 32 Cyanogenic Algae. 32 Cyanogenic Bacteria. 34 Cyanogenic Fungi. 34 Role of Cyanogenic Compounds in Microorganisms . 35 Cyanide in Animals. 36 Cyanogenic Animals . 36 Biosynthesis of Cyanide . 36 Role of Cyanogenic Compounds in Arthropods. 37 Cyanide in Forest Fires. 37 Summary and Conclusions . 38 References. 38 If one considers the beginning of organic life it is not necessary to pay attention first of all to carbon dioxide and ammonia because both represent the end and not the beginning of life. The beginning is to be found to a very much larger degree in cyanogens CN E. Pfluger 1875 1 The four most common atoms that make up life on earth are carbon hydrogen nitrogen and oxygen and hydrogen cyanide HCN is comprised of three of these essential macronutrients. Cyanide played a pivotal role in the prebiotic development of amino acids peptides nucleotides lipids and membranes and continues to be an integral part of nature on earth and the universe. Cyanide is a source of nitrogen a nutrient that all living organisms require. Cyanide has been shown to form nutrient microcycles in the environment 2 3 discussed in detail in Chapters 6 and 12 . These microcycles involve both cyanogenic cyanide producing organisms as well as organisms that assimilate cyanide as a sources of carbon and nitrogen for growth as discussed in Chapter 6. Today cyanogenic compounds compounds containing the CN- moiety can be found in more than 3000 species of plants animals microbes and fungi. In most organisms
