Độc tính môi trường của xyanua đã được công nhận rộng rãi, và sự xuất hiện của vô tình, nhưng thảm họa với môi trường, sự cố tràn tạm giữ, vùng biển có chứa xyanua làm tệ mối quan tâm rộng rãi. Hai ví dụ về các công bố rộng rãi ô nhiễm xyanua của tự nhiên nước ngọt bao gồm các hoạt động Summitville khai thác vàng (Colorado, Hoa Kỳ), nơi ô nhiễm của sông Alamosa bắt đầu trong đầu những năm 1990 [1]; và hoạt động khai thác mỏ Aurul tại Baia Mare (Romania), nơi xảy ra một vụ tràn, bắt đầu vào. | 9 Fate and Transport of Anthropogenic Cyanide in Surface Water Thomas C. Young Xiuying Zhao and Thomas L. Theis CONTENTS Synoptic Review of Cyanide Speciation and Toxicity . 172 Primary Cyanide Fate-Determining Environmental Processes. 174 Photolytic Reactions Involving Complexed Cyanides. 174 Photolytic Process Characterization . 174 Photolytic Process Modeling. 176 Air-Water Exchange. 176 Literature Observations. 176 Estimating Mass Transfer from Two-Film Theory . 177 Biological Fate-Determining Processes for Cyanide. 178 Prediction and Assessment of Exposure to Cyanide . 179 Modeling Framework for Natural Aquatic Systems The Mass Balance Approach. 180 Case Study Fate of Cyanide in a Small Stream Environment. 182 Calibration Approach Average Field Conditions . 184 Calibration Results. 185 Summary and Conclusions . 188 References . 188 The environmental toxicity of cyanide has been widely recognized and the occurrence of accidental but environmentally catastrophic spills of impounded cyanide-containing waters has engendered widespread concern. Two widely publicized examples of cyanide pollution of natural freshwaters include the Summitville gold mining operation Colorado The United States where pollution of the Alamosa River began during the early 1990s 1 and the Aurul mining operation at Baia Mare Romania where a spill occurred beginning in January 2000 that severely affected the Somes-Tisza-Danube River ecosystem before reaching the Black Sea 2 . It is as true for cyanide as it is for other toxic chemicals that the risks associated with release into a receiving water largely depend on site- and time-specific environmental conditions. These dependencies inevitably arise because the situation-specific conditions exert a major influence over the numerous physical and chemical interactions that determine environmental fate. Examples of environmental conditions that affect .
