Khảo cổ học, phương pháp để xây dựng lại các khu định cư thời tiền sử đã được thảo luận từ quan điểm khác nhau. Cho đến những năm 1970, "chủ nghĩa Mác hay Darwin" các nhà khảo cổ (Dark, 1995) thường nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của kinh tế xã hội bối cảnh của xã hội thời tiền sử. Tuy nhiên, sau những năm 1980, nhiều Các nhà khảo cổ phương Tây đặt câu hỏi những cách tiếp cận này. Khi lựa chọn thay thế, "mới" hoặc Khảo cổ học "quá trình" (Dark, 1995) xuất hiện, nhấn mạnh "con người tính tương tác ", đó. | 13_ Site-Catchment Analysis of Prehistoric Settlements by Reconstructing Paleoenvironments with GIS Hiro omi Tsumura CONTENTS A Brief Review of Spatial The Sannai-Maruyama Archaeological Present Nature of the Area Surrounding the Sannai-Maruyama Archaeological Construction of a Spatio-Temporal GIS Reconstruction of the Site-Catchment Analysis of the Reconstructed Beyond Spatial A Brief Review of Spatial Archaeology In archaeology methods for reconstructing prehistoric settlements have been discussed from various viewpoints. Until the 1970s Marxist or Darwinist archaeologists Dark 1995 commonly emphasized the importance of the socioeconomic contexts of prehistoric societies. However after the 1980s many Western archaeologists questioned these approaches. As alternatives new or process archaeology Dark 1995 emerged emphasizing a human-nature interaction that is to say settlements were considered to have originated through the interaction between human behavior and the environment. Along with this stream of thought Hodder and Orton 1976 Clarke 1977 and others developed spatial archaeology which emphasized the importance 175 Copyright 2006 Taylor Francis Group LLC 176 GIS-based Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences of spatial attributes in archaeological information. In the early stages of its development archaeologists encountered difficulty in treating such spatial attributes. In the 1990s however this problem was significantly overcome through the introduction of geographical information systems GIS which were developed together with rapid progress in the refinement of personal computers and spatial-information science . Allen Green and Zubrow 1990 Lock and Stancic 1995 Kaneda Tsumura and Niiro 2001 . Since GIS enabled the systematic .
