Tham khảo tài liệu 'tài liệu ôn thi du học_3', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | For more material and information please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at Chapter 2 Studying Complex Words 47 some independent property that all possible bases have and all impossible bases don t have. Strictly speaking then we are not dealing with a rule that can be used to form new words but with a rule that simply generalizes over the structure of a set of existing complex words. Such rules are sometimes referred to as redundancy rules or word-structure rules. The redundancy rule for -th could look like this For more material and information please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at Chapter 2 Studying Complex Words 48 24 redundancy rule for -th phonology X- 0 X allomorph of base base broad deep long strong true warm semantics state or property of being X In most cases it is not necessary to make the distinction between rules that can be used to coin new words and rules that cannot be used in this way so that we will often use the term word-formation rule or word-formation process to refer to both kinds of rule. Before finishing our discussion of word-formation rules we should address the fact that sometimes new complex words are derived without an existing wordformation rule but formed on the basis of a single or very few model words. For example earwitness someone who has heard a crime being commited was coined on the basis of eyewitness cheeseburger on the basis of hamburger and air-sick on the basis of sea-sick. The process by which these words came into being is called analogy which can be modeled as proportional relation between words as illustrated in 25 25 a. a b c d b. eye eyewitness ear earwitness c. ham hamburger cheese cheeseburger d. sea sea-sick air air-sick The essence of a proportional analogy is that the relation between two items a and b in the above formula is the same as the relation between two other correponding items c and d in our case . The relation that holds between eye and eyewitness is the same as the relation
