Toxicokinetics của chất gây ô nhiễm môi trường trong nhuyễn thể hai mảnh vỏ nước ngọt Nhuyễn thể hai mảnh vỏ đã được sử dụng trong nhiều thập kỷ như sinh vật trọng điểm để giám sát ô nhiễm trong môi trường nước (Foster và Bates 1978, Farrington et al 1983; Colombo et al 1995; Peven, Uhler và Querzoli 1996; Blackmore và Wang 2003). Nhiều lớp học khác nhau của hóa chất đã được nghiên cứu theo cách này bao gồm chất gây ô nhiễm hữu cơ (HOCs kỵ nước), chẳng hạn như polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), biphenyl đã polyclo hóa. | 8 Toxicokinetics of Environmental Contaminants in Freshwater Bivalves Waverly A. Thorsen W. Gregory Cope and Damian Shea INTRODUCTION Bivalves have been used for decades as sentinel organisms to monitor pollution in the aquatic environment Foster and Bates 1978 Farrington et al. 1983 Colombo et al. 1995 Peven Uhler and Querzoli 1996 Blackmore and Wang 2003 . Many different classes of chemicals have been studied in this way including hydrophobic organic contaminants HOCs such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and organochlorine OC pesticides as well as inorganic contaminants such as the heavy metals cadmium Cd lead Pb and mercury Hg and the radionuclides plutonium 239 240Pu and cesium 137Cs . The use of bivalves for biomonitoring of environmental pollution addresses difficulties associated with determining aqueous contaminant concentrations Farrington et al. 1983 . Many HOCs exhibit very low water solubilities . coronene 4 mg L at 25 C which require large sample sizes for adequate instrumental analysis. Moreover trace metals require ultraclean techniques and are also frequently found in very low concentrations in the aqueous phase sometimes at levels close to instrument detection limits . pg L . Additionally random water sampling may not capture real trends in pollutant concentrations over an integrated time scale. In an attempt to overcome these obstacles native bivalves are frequently collected worldwide extracted and analyzed for pollutant tissue burdens to provide preliminary information at sites suspected of contamination or to monitor chemical and waste discharge effluents. However to effectively understand and correlate the relationship between concentrations of pollutants in the aquatic environment to concentrations in bivalve tissue and potential toxic effects it is best to have an understanding of the kinetics involved in the uptake distribution and elimination of pollutants by from mussel tissues. .
