Ô nhiễm công nghiệp: Mills Pulp Việc sản xuất bột giấy và giấy đại diện cho một ngành công nghiệp lớn ở miền nam Hoa Kỳ. Do khối lượng cao của nước thải từ nhà máy bột giấy (20 đến 50 triệu gallon mỗi ngày) và thực hiện các đại lý khác nhau mà có ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng nước và trầm tích, ngành công nghiệp giấy là một thách thức ghê gớm về phục hồi. Việc xả của các thành phần khác nhau dẫn đến mức độ tác động khác nhau, tùy thuộc vào mức độ điều trị và. | chapter 3 Industrial Pollution Pulp Mills The manufacture of pulp and paper represents a major industry in the southern United States. Because of the high volume of the effluent from pulp mills 20 to 50 million gallons per day and the discharge of various agents that have an impact on water and sediment quality the paper industry represents a formidable challenge in terms of restoration. The discharge of various components leads to varying levels of impacts depending on the level of treatment and the assimilative capacity of the receiving system. These factors include high concentrations of total dissolved solids mainly sodium chloride and sulfide that contribute to the high specific conductance of the effluent. Conductivity contributes to the elimination of primary freshwater species due to osmotic imbalances. Enhanced loading of dissolved organic carbon DOC increases Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD in the receiving areas that in turn causes hypoxic and even anoxic conditions. Various organic compounds that include tannins lignins and fulvates are components of the DOC. These compounds also contribute to the high levels of color in pulp effluents that in turn adversely affect light penetration in receiving water bodies. Pulp effluents contain high levels of nutrients mainly ammonia and orthophosphate that contribute to adverse impacts on microphyte and macrophyte assemblages in receiving areas. Toxic agents in pulp effluents include ammonia certain metals and chlorinated compounds that can include dioxin . Various methods are available to mitigate many of the toxic components of pulp effluents. Publications of the impacts of pulp effluents in the study areas are available Livingston 1975a 1980a 1981 1982a 1984a 1985a b 1987a b 1993b 1997a 1999b 2000 2002 Livingston et al. 1998a . Study Area The Gulf coastal zone of north Florida extends from the alluvial Perdido River-Bay system in eastern Alabama and the western Florida Panhandle to the black water rivers of .
